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131.
玉米灰斑病菌致病性分化研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
从我国玉米品种资源中首次成功筛选出9个具有广泛血缘代表性的自交系,即沈137,78599-1,Mo17,478,C8605-2,E28,598,Va35,K12,作为玉米灰斑病菌的生理分化鉴别寄主;8个主栽品种,即沈试29,沈试31,铁单9,掖单13,丹413,丹玉18,沈农87,东单54,作为辅助鉴别寄主,从而确定了玉米灰斑病菌生理分化鉴别寄主体系。采用田间成株期鉴定,高粱粒灌心法进行接种,根据在鉴别寄主上的发病等级,将采自北方玉米主产区的23个玉米灰斑病菌菌株划分成5个致病类型。研究表明,我国玉米灰斑病菌存在一定程度的致病性分化,通过病级评价可将23个玉米灰斑病菌菌株分成5个致病类型,其中致病类型I为强致病类型,致病类型IV为弱致病类型,Ⅱ,Ⅲ2组致病类型介于两者之间,而致病类型V属于不确定类型。研究结果为我国玉米品种抗性鉴定、灰斑病流行监测和品种合理布局提供了理论依据。 相似文献
132.
基于随机森林回归算法的小麦叶片SPAD值遥感估算 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
使用机器学习中的随机森林(RF)回归算法构建小麦叶片SPAD值遥感反演模型。以2010—2013年江苏地区试验点稻茬小麦3个生育期(拔节、孕穗、开花)的叶片为材料,结合我国自主研发的环境减灾卫星HJ-1对研究区域进行同步监测,分析了各生育期叶片SPAD值与8种植被指数间的相关性;以0.01水平下显著相关的植被指数作为输入参数,使用RF回归算法构建了每个生育期的小麦SPAD反演算法模型,即RF-SPAD模型,以支持向量回归(SVR)和反向传播(BP)神经网络算法构建的SVR-SPAD模型和BP-SPAD模型作为比较模型,以R2和均方根误差(RMSE)为指标,分析了每个生育期3个模型的学习能力和回归预测能力,结果表明:RF-SPAD模型在3个生育期都表现出最强的学习能力,R2和RMSE在拔节期分别为0.89和1.54,孕穗期分别为0.85和1.49,开花期分别为0.80和1.71;RF-SPAD模型在3个生育期的回归预测能力都高于BP-SPAD模型,高于或接近于SVR-SPAD模型,R2和RMSE在拔节期分别为0.55和2.11,孕穗期分别为0.72和2.20,开花期分别为0.60和3.16。 相似文献
133.
Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf
leaf water potential
- soil
soil water potential
- DSC
daily stem contraction
- LVDT
linear variable displacement transducer
- PET
potential evapotranspiration 相似文献
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137.
Robert Jankowiak Piotr Bilański Julita Zając Adrianna Jobczyk Stephen J. Taerum 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(4):e12821
In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland. 相似文献
138.
Edival Ângelo Valverde Zauza Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales Samuel Alves dos Santos Rafael Ferreira Alfenas Acelino Couto Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12806
An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen. 相似文献
139.
柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
140.
中国现有葡萄品种叶片形态评价与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所葡萄资源圃中保存的342个葡萄品种的成熟叶片为试材,采用度量性状与非度量性状相结合的调查方法,研究了供试葡萄品种的叶宽等9个度量性状和叶片形状等8个非度量性状,以期为进一步建立葡萄种质资源叶片性状数据库奠定基础。结果表明:现有栽培葡萄品种的叶片形状主要为楔形和五角形;9个度量性状具有明显的变异性,且与长度有关的度量性状变异系数均大于16.51%;主成分分析表明与长度有关的度量性状为第一主成分,与角度有关的为第二主成分,与比值有关的为第三主成分,累计贡献率达到77.186%。 相似文献